Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using the HADS. This scale was designed to identify cases of anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D) using two subscales, each of seven items. Exploration of the psychometric properties of the scale in four of the cohorts studied here has confirmed its bi-dimensional structure in communitydwelling older people (Gale et al. 2010). Scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores