In the latter, the effect was seen between non-randomized groups. The studies by Daltroy et al. [33] and Versloot et al. [40] were the methodologically strongest. The study by Versloot et al. [40] was the only educational study that demonstrated an effect between the groups. There is no evidence of any effect of educational interventions on costs.
Episodes of LBP
The effect of educational interventions on new episodes of LBP was assessed in six studies [32–34,36,41,42]. A positive effect was reported in two of the studies [32,34], the one by Brown et al. [32] having quite a large impact, but with the reservation for selection bias.