The interdependence of energy, water and food raises particular
concerns in relation to the fast-growing bioenergy sector, with
the allocation of land between competing uses having potentially
far‑reaching impacts on human well-being. Where agricultural
land is used to cultivate energy crops, it often results in both direct
and indirect changes to land use, including necessitating expanded
or intensified agricultural production at other locations. This can
have significant implications for the natural environment, such as
biodiversity, and for the water, nutrient and carbon cycles. This in turn
affects ecosystem functioning and resilience in many ways.