For example, under Japanese GAAP, leases, except those that transfer ownership to the lessee, are treated as operating leases (IAS 17); inventories generally can be valued at cost rather than at the lower of cost or net realizable value (IAS 2); proposed dividends can be accrued in consolidated financial statements (IAS 10); and extraordinary items are defined more broadly (IAS 8). Exhibit 6.8 shows some of the differences between IFRS and Japanese GAAP.