However, Kelleher (1956) was the first person to investigate how token schedules are
similar or distinct from simple schedules of reinforcement. In a token economy, there are three
different components to the schedule of reinforcement. The first component is called the tokenproduction
schedule, which is the schedule that determines when the individual receives tokens
for emitting the target behavior. For example, if the token-production schedule is FR 5, the
individual must emit the target behavior five times in order to earn one token. The second
component is called the exchange-production schedule, which determines when the opportunity
to exchange tokens for preferred reinforcers is available. For example, if the exchangeproduction
schedule is FR 5, the individual may begin exchanging tokens after five tokens have