Biosphere Reserve in their original territory. When the CBR was
established in 1989, its core area overlapped with the area where
the community had settled. As a consequence the community was
forced to move again, this time to the CBR buffer zone, where the
government granted each family a lot of land as small private
property. Nowadays, 60 small co-owners have private lands around
the CBR and they work on subsistence agriculture, agroforestry
production and commercialization of honey. Their involvement in
the CBR is confined to paid work throughout a temporal employ-
ment program paid by the government to conduct reforesting ac-
tivities within the PA. The community has its own ethno-tourism
project, named La raíz del futuro (the root of the future), which
covers an extension of 150 ha and involves attending to tourists and
monitoring wildlife. Although this area does not yet have official
recognition, we considered it as an ICCA for this study.
The fifth study community, Tonalaco, is an ejido located in the
State of Veracruz, and is adjacent to El Cofre de Perote National Park
(PNP), a protected area established in 1937 and managed by CON-
ANP. This forestry ejido has 307 ha of its territory inside the PNP in
which the ejidatarios are not allowed to log, hunt, or graze their
animals. The ejidatarios also participate in reforestation activities, a
work paid by CONAFOR. As in Xmaben, in Tonalaco residents have
also defined forest for conservation under a PES program. In this
case, the area e defined in 2008 e covers 300 ha and requires local
participation in monitoring fires and avoiding grazing, activities for
which they receive monetary rewards.
Biosphere Reserve in their original territory. When the CBR wasestablished in 1989, its core area overlapped with the area wherethe community had settled. As a consequence the community wasforced to move again, this time to the CBR buffer zone, where thegovernment granted each family a lot of land as small privateproperty. Nowadays, 60 small co-owners have private lands aroundthe CBR and they work on subsistence agriculture, agroforestryproduction and commercialization of honey. Their involvement inthe CBR is confined to paid work throughout a temporal employ-ment program paid by the government to conduct reforesting ac-tivities within the PA. The community has its own ethno-tourismproject, named La raíz del futuro (the root of the future), whichcovers an extension of 150 ha and involves attending to tourists andmonitoring wildlife. Although this area does not yet have officialrecognition, we considered it as an ICCA for this study.The fifth study community, Tonalaco, is an ejido located in theState of Veracruz, and is adjacent to El Cofre de Perote National Park(PNP), a protected area established in 1937 and managed by CON-ANP. This forestry ejido has 307 ha of its territory inside the PNP inwhich the ejidatarios are not allowed to log, hunt, or graze theiranimals. The ejidatarios also participate in reforestation activities, awork paid by CONAFOR. As in Xmaben, in Tonalaco residents havealso defined forest for conservation under a PES program. In thiscase, the area e defined in 2008 e covers 300 ha and requires localparticipation in monitoring fires and avoiding grazing, activities forwhich they receive monetary rewards.
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