Once the small farm lands are collected and concentrated, the ridge borders as well as the small ditches in between blocks will be leveled, and the cultivation area could be increased as well. In other words, agricultural machinery could be introduced, and production could be increased consequently. In addition, the number of gate operation by the water controllers would be greatly reduced, and the irrigation management efficiency would be highly promoted. It is believed that under the profit incentive conditions, more people would participate in agricultural scientific research, and the extension of agricultural and irrigation technology worldwide is expected.
The current irrigation management in the medium-scale rice paddies has the merits of independent operation, however, irrigation and drainage practices are sophisticated that considerable labor is needed to control the gate operations, and are economically inefficient considering that labor costs are high these days. As a result, a new rotational block with an overflow type of irrigation ditches which have higher outer ridge walls and with eliminated inner ridge walls is proposed, as shown in Figure 8. This type of rotation blocks with overflow ditches could not only promote farming efficiency, but also reduce labor costs. In addition, low efficiency problems of introducing large machineries are also resolved.
In order to solve the confusion of land ownership problems when plot ridges are eliminated, a delineation method by installing marking posts is proposed, as shown in Figure 9. With these marking posts, there would be little property dispute problems, more farm land for crops, and higher efficiency for agricultural machinery operations.
As for irrigation efficiency problem, the concept of deep-water irrigation cultivation technique can be introduced. This is to provide rice crop with the right amount of irrigation water when precipitation is plenty. The number of irrigation practice could be