Antecedents
The main antecedent to resilience is adversity. Adversity is the single most notorious variable that distinguishes resilience from other social management processes or personality traits. Adversity is the feature that separates the concept of resilience from the per- sonality trait of ego-resiliency (Luthar et al., 2000). Challenge, change, and disruption are all aspects of adversity that are noted before the process of resili- ence can occur. In their Resiliency Model, Richardson, Neiger, Jensen, and Kumpfer (1990) propose that individuals, reacting to disruptive life events, choose consciously or unconsciously to reintegrate. It is the disruption that allows an individual to learn or tap into resilient qualities and achieve resilient reintegra- tion (Richardson, 2002).
Adversity is the single most notorious variable that distinguishes resilience from other social management processes or personality traits.