6.62 Step deiviopment models It in curious paradox that, although the von Thilnen model of land use steps (a static model) was developed primarily for rural zones. the major models of step development through time (dynamic models) were developed for urban zones.ln the same way that von Th Osten is applicable to both urban and rural areas, the dynamic models can be likewise extended. Johnston (1971) is the standard work on these urban zoning models. and only three of the simplest are reviewed here: