the main research questions are how to evaluate the co-benefits of energy
saving and carbon reduction and how to find an approach to achieve the effectiveness of co-benefits in buildings. Considering the fact that 80% of total energy consumption in the building's life cycle is from the operation stage, the focus of analysis is
given to assess the co-benefits in the operation by using the
case study. A life cycle assessment to evaluate the overall
co-benefits not only from the operation stage, but also from the
production and demolition stages is also recommended in
Section 5.