7.5. Technical and institutional barriers to each
method. Pig farmers dispose of pig waste by means of
five different methods: fertilizer, fish feed, biogas,
deep pond and mixed. The technical and institutional
barriers of the first four are described below. The
mixed method is simply a combination of two or more
of the different alternatives and the relevant barriers of
the selected methods would apply to it.
1. Organic fertilizer: This alternative fails to address
the problem of water and air pollution. It
creates a bad odor in the surrounding area. During
the rainy season, this technique fails to work
effectively and excess waste overflows the pits.
The local government has tried to enforce all the
protective regulations such as the Ministerial
Notification on Livestock Farm Standards of
Thailand (1999), but have not been very successful
especially with the older farms (established
before 2000).
2. Fish feed: This alternative requires a large suitable
piece of land and can be applied to only catfish
which can live in ponds with low water quality.
This alternative also requires considerable investment
and labor costs, and is inadequate in disposing
of the huge volume of waste produced by
large farms.
3. Biogas: This method has had limited success.
Barriers which prevent the successful installation
and operation of the biogas system are as follows:
♦ High investment cost to farmers, in spite of the
fact that NEPO is willing to subsidize up to 38
percent of the concrete dome biogas system installation
cost and negotiate with Thai banks to
provide a low interest loan.
7.5. Technical and institutional barriers to each
method. Pig farmers dispose of pig waste by means of
five different methods: fertilizer, fish feed, biogas,
deep pond and mixed. The technical and institutional
barriers of the first four are described below. The
mixed method is simply a combination of two or more
of the different alternatives and the relevant barriers of
the selected methods would apply to it.
1. Organic fertilizer: This alternative fails to address
the problem of water and air pollution. It
creates a bad odor in the surrounding area. During
the rainy season, this technique fails to work
effectively and excess waste overflows the pits.
The local government has tried to enforce all the
protective regulations such as the Ministerial
Notification on Livestock Farm Standards of
Thailand (1999), but have not been very successful
especially with the older farms (established
before 2000).
2. Fish feed: This alternative requires a large suitable
piece of land and can be applied to only catfish
which can live in ponds with low water quality.
This alternative also requires considerable investment
and labor costs, and is inadequate in disposing
of the huge volume of waste produced by
large farms.
3. Biogas: This method has had limited success.
Barriers which prevent the successful installation
and operation of the biogas system are as follows:
♦ High investment cost to farmers, in spite of the
fact that NEPO is willing to subsidize up to 38
percent of the concrete dome biogas system installation
cost and negotiate with Thai banks to
provide a low interest loan.
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