The value of pH and lactic acid in TMF were at the optimum levels of 4.2 and 3%-13% on dry matter basis [14]. The present study revealed that there was sufficient lactic acid to reduce the pH and stabilized
the product quality [15]. The TMF had higher WSC than those of SCWS. WSC or NC (sugar and starch) is used as energy source for microbes in rumen to produce VFA. The WSC found in TMF was higher
than the critical useful (55 g/kg DM) which showed sufficient amount of WSC for efficient fermentation.
The optimum level of WSC was 6%-12% [16].