The 6-subscale, 24-item scale and 7-subscale, 28-item scale
were used to measure employees' perceived top-level and middlelevel
servant leadership. For top-level leaders, frontline employees
rated the hotel general manager's servant leadership behaviors. For
middle-level leaders, they rated the department manager's servant
leadership behaviors. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for these scales
were 0.98 and 0.98, respectively.