Although microgravity might prevent the density-driven Rayleigh convection from
developing, it does not rule out another type of convection; the surface-tension-driven
Marangoni convection. In many protein crystallisation systems, solvent evaporates from the
solution in order to create and maintain the supersaturation conditions necessary for crystal
growth. Due to differences in surface tension along these evaporating interfaces, the
Marangoni effect may introduce unwanted flows, even under microgravity conditions. It
should be noted that Marangoni effects are only possible in the vapour diffusion and the liquidliquid
diffusion crystallisation methods, as a phase boundary is only present when these
methods are used.
Relatively little is know about the possibility of Marangoni convection occurring during
protein crystallisation. In one paper, some qualitative remarks have been made about the
subject [30]. Another paper describes Marangoni convection as a result of temperature
gradient in solidifying lysozyme solution drops, but this paper is not pertinent to protein
crystallisation [31]. In two more recent papers [32, 33], Monti and Savino try to model vapour
diffusion systems from a fluid dynamic point of view. They included both Marangoni and
Rayleigh convection in their model. These papers are commented on at the end of this section.
Firstly, the possibility of a Marangoni effect occurring in protein crystallisation is discussed
qualitatively. Then, some aspects of interfacial behaviour of protein solutions are reviewed.
Finally, some aspects relating to Marangoni convection in protein crystallisation systems are
assessed quantitatively.
Although microgravity might prevent the density-driven Rayleigh convection fromdeveloping, it does not rule out another type of convection; the surface-tension-drivenMarangoni convection. In many protein crystallisation systems, solvent evaporates from thesolution in order to create and maintain the supersaturation conditions necessary for crystalgrowth. Due to differences in surface tension along these evaporating interfaces, theMarangoni effect may introduce unwanted flows, even under microgravity conditions. Itshould be noted that Marangoni effects are only possible in the vapour diffusion and the liquidliquiddiffusion crystallisation methods, as a phase boundary is only present when thesemethods are used.Relatively little is know about the possibility of Marangoni convection occurring duringprotein crystallisation. In one paper, some qualitative remarks have been made about thesubject [30]. Another paper describes Marangoni convection as a result of temperaturegradient in solidifying lysozyme solution drops, but this paper is not pertinent to proteincrystallisation [31]. In two more recent papers [32, 33], Monti and Savino try to model vapourdiffusion systems from a fluid dynamic point of view. They included both Marangoni andRayleigh convection in their model. These papers are commented on at the end of this section.Firstly, the possibility of a Marangoni effect occurring in protein crystallisation is discussedqualitatively แล้ว บางส่วนของพฤติกรรม interfacial โซลูชั่นโปรตีนจะตรวจทานในที่สุด มีบางส่วนเกี่ยวข้องกับการพา Marangoni ในระบบ crystallisation โปรตีนประเมิน quantitatively
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