Introduction
Nursing shortages are one of the vexing problems in healthcare. As the demand continues to rise, the current supply is unable to meet societys needs. This is a worldwide phenomenon. In the United States, according to the latest projections from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), more than 1 million new and Additionally, more than 587 000 new nursing positions will be created (a 23.5% increase). Consequently, it is expected that nursing will be the nations top profession in terms of projected job growth (BLS 2009). Adding to this problem is that registered nurses (RNs) continue to leave their current positions and the profession at a high rate. It has been reported that up to 13% of new nurses
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01153 .x ª 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation ª 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
consider leaving their jobs within 1 year (Kovner et al. 2007). Job dissatisfaction is reported to be strongly associated with nurse turnover (Hayes et al. 2006) and intent to leave (Brewer et al. 2009) thus highlighting the importance of understanding what promotes nursing staff job satisfaction.
Teamwork has been associated with a higher level of job staff satisfaction (Horak et al. 1991, Leppa 1996, Cox 2003, Rafferty et al. 2001, Gifford et al. 2002, Collette 2004). The relationship between teamwork and job satisfaction in the acute care inpatient hospital nursing team, defined as the RNs, Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs), nursing assistants (NAs) and unit secretaries (UAs) who work together on a patient care unit to provide nursing care to a group of inpatients, has received scant attention. Most recent research in healthcare on teamwork has been in peri-operative and emergency settings and primarily focused on interdisciplinary teams (Morey et al. 2002, Silen-Lipponen et al. 2005, Salas et al. 2007, Mills et al. 2008).
Previous studies
Original research and meta-analyses focusing on factors related to nurse job satisfaction have identified correlations with satisfaction to be decreased job stress (Blegen 1993, Zangaro & Soeken 2007), improved nurse–physician collaboration (Rosenstein 2002), greater job autonomy(Kovneret al.2006,Zangaro&Soeken2007) and adequate staffing (Aiken et al. 2002, 2003, Cherry et al. 2007). Additional studies found correlations between job satisfaction and friendships among staff members (Adams & Bond 2000, Kovner et al. 2006), management support (Chu et al. 2003, Kovner et al. 2006), promotion opportunities (Kovner et al. 2006), communication with supervisors and peers, recognition, fairness, control over practice (Blegen 1993), professional commitment (Fang 2001) and collaboration with medical staff (Adams & Bond 2000, Chang et al. 2009). Five research studies that specifically focused on the influence of teamwork on job satisfaction were uncovered (Rafferty et al. 2001, Cox 2003, Amos et al. 2005 , DiMeglio et al. 2005, Chang et al. 2009). Rafferty et al. (2001) surveyed 10 022 nurses in England and found that nurses with higher interdisciplinary teamwork scores were significantly more likely to be satisfied with their jobs, planned to stay in them and had lower burnout scores. Chang et al. (2009) found that collaborative interdisciplinary relationships were one of the most important predictors of job satisfaction for all healthcare providers. The relationship between group cohesion, a key process of teamwork, and nurse satisfaction before and after an intervention was studied by DiMeglio et al. (2005). The intervention increased both group cohesion and satisfaction among nurses. However, they did not report whether there was a relationship between group cohesion and satisfaction. Using a six-item survey instrument which measures quality of patient care, efficiency of nurses work, unit morale, spirit of teamwork, willingness to chip in and job satisfaction, Cox (2003) found that team performance effectiveness had a significant positive influence on staff satisfaction (n = 131). Because the measure included a variety of areas, not just teamwork, it is not possible to determine if teamwork per se predicted satisfaction. Finally, Amos et al. (2005) measured job satisfaction in 44 nursing staff members in one patient care unit where staff had undergone an intervention to improve teamwork. They found that the intervention did not result in greater satisfaction and they did not measure actual teamwork. Furthermore, the lack of a relationship could be attributed to a small sample size, which is another limitation of the previous study.
Studies of the job satisfaction of nursing assistants have shown dissatifiers to be excessive workload (Mather & Bakas 2002, Pennington et al. 2003 , Crickmer 2005), not being recognized and valued for their contributions (Counsell & Rivers 2002, Mather & Bakas 2002, Parsons et al. 2003, Spilsbury & Meyer 2004, Crickmer 2005), pay (Parsons et al. 2003, Decker et al. 2009), benefits (Parsons et al. 2003) and supervisor support (Decker et al. 2009). The only study that examined the relationship between teamwork and NA job satisfaction showed that lower levels of hardiness or coping skills of NAs was believed to contribute to higher psychological distress and decreased job satisfaction (Harrison et al. 2002). In contrast to several of the previous studies in this area, the current study focuses on teamwork within inpatient settings, uses a robust measure of nursing teamwork, employs a large sample size and studies both nurses and NAs.
IntroductionNursing shortages are one of the vexing problems in healthcare. As the demand continues to rise, the current supply is unable to meet societys needs. This is a worldwide phenomenon. In the United States, according to the latest projections from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), more than 1 million new and Additionally, more than 587 000 new nursing positions will be created (a 23.5% increase). Consequently, it is expected that nursing will be the nations top profession in terms of projected job growth (BLS 2009). Adding to this problem is that registered nurses (RNs) continue to leave their current positions and the profession at a high rate. It has been reported that up to 13% of new nursesDOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01153 .x ª 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation ª 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd consider leaving their jobs within 1 year (Kovner et al. 2007). Job dissatisfaction is reported to be strongly associated with nurse turnover (Hayes et al. 2006) and intent to leave (Brewer et al. 2009) thus highlighting the importance of understanding what promotes nursing staff job satisfaction.Teamwork has been associated with a higher level of job staff satisfaction (Horak et al. 1991, Leppa 1996, Cox 2003, Rafferty et al. 2001, Gifford et al. 2002, Collette 2004). The relationship between teamwork and job satisfaction in the acute care inpatient hospital nursing team, defined as the RNs, Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs), nursing assistants (NAs) and unit secretaries (UAs) who work together on a patient care unit to provide nursing care to a group of inpatients, has received scant attention. Most recent research in healthcare on teamwork has been in peri-operative and emergency settings and primarily focused on interdisciplinary teams (Morey et al. 2002, Silen-Lipponen et al. 2005, Salas et al. 2007, Mills et al. 2008).Previous studiesOriginal research and meta-analyses focusing on factors related to nurse job satisfaction have identified correlations with satisfaction to be decreased job stress (Blegen 1993, Zangaro & Soeken 2007), improved nurse–physician collaboration (Rosenstein 2002), greater job autonomy(Kovneret al.2006,Zangaro&Soeken2007) and adequate staffing (Aiken et al. 2002, 2003, Cherry et al. 2007). Additional studies found correlations between job satisfaction and friendships among staff members (Adams & Bond 2000, Kovner et al. 2006), management support (Chu et al. 2003, Kovner et al. 2006), promotion opportunities (Kovner et al. 2006), communication with supervisors and peers, recognition, fairness, control over practice (Blegen 1993), professional commitment (Fang 2001) and collaboration with medical staff (Adams & Bond 2000, Chang et al. 2009). Five research studies that specifically focused on the influence of teamwork on job satisfaction were uncovered (Rafferty et al. 2001, Cox 2003, Amos et al. 2005 , DiMeglio et al. 2005, Chang et al. 2009). Rafferty et al. (2001) surveyed 10 022 nurses in England and found that nurses with higher interdisciplinary teamwork scores were significantly more likely to be satisfied with their jobs, planned to stay in them and had lower burnout scores. Chang et al. (2009) found that collaborative interdisciplinary relationships were one of the most important predictors of job satisfaction for all healthcare providers. The relationship between group cohesion, a key process of teamwork, and nurse satisfaction before and after an intervention was studied by DiMeglio et al. (2005). The intervention increased both group cohesion and satisfaction among nurses. However, they did not report whether there was a relationship between group cohesion and satisfaction. Using a six-item survey instrument which measures quality of patient care, efficiency of nurses work, unit morale, spirit of teamwork, willingness to chip in and job satisfaction, Cox (2003) found that team performance effectiveness had a significant positive influence on staff satisfaction (n = 131). Because the measure included a variety of areas, not just teamwork, it is not possible to determine if teamwork per se predicted satisfaction. Finally, Amos et al. (2005) measured job satisfaction in 44 nursing staff members in one patient care unit where staff had undergone an intervention to improve teamwork. They found that the intervention did not result in greater satisfaction and they did not measure actual teamwork. Furthermore, the lack of a relationship could be attributed to a small sample size, which is another limitation of the previous study.Studies of the job satisfaction of nursing assistants have shown dissatifiers to be excessive workload (Mather & Bakas 2002, Pennington et al. 2003 , Crickmer 2005), not being recognized and valued for their contributions (Counsell & Rivers 2002, Mather & Bakas 2002, Parsons et al. 2003, Spilsbury & Meyer 2004, Crickmer 2005), pay (Parsons et al. 2003, Decker et al. 2009), benefits (Parsons et al. 2003) and supervisor support (Decker et al. 2009). The only study that examined the relationship between teamwork and NA job satisfaction showed that lower levels of hardiness or coping skills of NAs was believed to contribute to higher psychological distress and decreased job satisfaction (Harrison et al. 2002). In contrast to several of the previous studies in this area, the current study focuses on teamwork within inpatient settings, uses a robust measure of nursing teamwork, employs a large sample size and studies both nurses and NAs.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..