Over 10 years ago Edmund Leach (1973:762) predicted that structural
interests would soon become fashionable in archaeology. Today, the
rising interest in structuralist approaches to archaeology shows that his
view of the future was correct (e.g., Hodder, 1982a; Fritz 1978). Setting
itself in opposition to “functionalist“ archaeology, which has concentrated
on topics such as discard behavior, site size, energy expenditure in
tool making, etc., structuralist archaeology tries to understand the ideational
background to archaeological material patterns.
Recent work has done much to establish a methodology for a structuralist
archaeology (Hodder 1982a, 1982b; Wylie 1982). Although its goals
may be different, structuralist archaeology is broadly similar in its methodology
to established functionalist approaches. Both use enthoarchaeological
observations, analogies to modern observed cultures, whether
they be English urban or Austrialian aborigine, to achieve cultural
models in past contexts. Because of its methodological similarity, structuralist
archaeology must address two issues of debate in the general use
of ethnoarchaeology: (1) the utility of using analogy in specific archaeo-
and grounded in the nervous system – imprint themselves
as images on the world, such as the hero, the trickster and
the mother goddess. This account of structure is unsatisfactory
because it essentially denies the existence of difference:
meaning is universal in the strongest sense – a part of human
biology unmediated by time or place. Our actual experience
in the social and physical world counts for nothing.
Over 10 years ago Edmund Leach (1973:762) predicted that structural
interests would soon become fashionable in archaeology. Today, the
rising interest in structuralist approaches to archaeology shows that his
view of the future was correct (e.g., Hodder, 1982a; Fritz 1978). Setting
itself in opposition to “functionalist“ archaeology, which has concentrated
on topics such as discard behavior, site size, energy expenditure in
tool making, etc., structuralist archaeology tries to understand the ideational
background to archaeological material patterns.
Recent work has done much to establish a methodology for a structuralist
archaeology (Hodder 1982a, 1982b; Wylie 1982). Although its goals
may be different, structuralist archaeology is broadly similar in its methodology
to established functionalist approaches. Both use enthoarchaeological
observations, analogies to modern observed cultures, whether
they be English urban or Austrialian aborigine, to achieve cultural
models in past contexts. Because of its methodological similarity, structuralist
archaeology must address two issues of debate in the general use
of ethnoarchaeology: (1) the utility of using analogy in specific archaeo-
and grounded in the nervous system – imprint themselves
as images on the world, such as the hero, the trickster and
the mother goddess. This account of structure is unsatisfactory
because it essentially denies the existence of difference:
meaning is universal in the strongest sense – a part of human
biology unmediated by time or place. Our actual experience
in the social and physical world counts for nothing.
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