Gelatin was extracted from seabass skin according to the method of Jongjareonrak et al. (2006), with slight modification. Before gelatin extraction, skin was soaked in 0.1 M NaOH, with a skin/solution ratio of 1:10 (w/v), to remove any non-collagenous proteins. The mixture was stirred for 3 h at room temperature (28–30 C) using an overhead stirrer model W20.n (IKA-Werke GmbH & CO.KG, Stanfen, Germany). The alkaline solution was changed every 1 h for a total of 3 times. The residues were washed with tap water until a neutral or faintly basic pH was obtained. The residues were then mixed with 0.05 M acetic acid at a skin/solution ratio of 1:10 (w/v) to swell collagenous material in the fish skin matrix. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The skin was washed using tap water until a neutral or faintly acidic pH of the wash water was obtained. Finally, the swollen skin was mixed with distilled water at a ratio of 1:10 (w/v) at 45 and 55 C. The extraction was performed for various times (3, 6 and 12 h) with continuous stirring. At the designated time, the mixtures were filtered using a Buchner funnel, with a Whatman No. 4 filter paper (Whatman International, Ltd., Maidstone, England). Then, the filtrates were freeze-dried using a freeze-dryer (CoolSafe 55, ScanLaf A/S, Lynge, Denmark). Gelatin samples were subsequently subjected to analyses.
Gelatin was extracted from seabass skin according to the method of Jongjareonrak et al. (2006), with slight modification. Before gelatin extraction, skin was soaked in 0.1 M NaOH, with a skin/solution ratio of 1:10 (w/v), to remove any non-collagenous proteins. The mixture was stirred for 3 h at room temperature (28–30 C) using an overhead stirrer model W20.n (IKA-Werke GmbH & CO.KG, Stanfen, Germany). The alkaline solution was changed every 1 h for a total of 3 times. The residues were washed with tap water until a neutral or faintly basic pH was obtained. The residues were then mixed with 0.05 M acetic acid at a skin/solution ratio of 1:10 (w/v) to swell collagenous material in the fish skin matrix. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The skin was washed using tap water until a neutral or faintly acidic pH of the wash water was obtained. Finally, the swollen skin was mixed with distilled water at a ratio of 1:10 (w/v) at 45 and 55 C. The extraction was performed for various times (3, 6 and 12 h) with continuous stirring. At the designated time, the mixtures were filtered using a Buchner funnel, with a Whatman No. 4 filter paper (Whatman International, Ltd., Maidstone, England). Then, the filtrates were freeze-dried using a freeze-dryer (CoolSafe 55, ScanLaf A/S, Lynge, Denmark). Gelatin samples were subsequently subjected to analyses.
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