Exercise Motivation: What Starts and Keeps People Exercising?
Len Kravitz, Ph.D.
Although extolling all the benefits of exercise seems impressive, it is apparent
that this approach by itself does not assure consistent exercise compliance for most
individuals. Regular exercise is a complex, multi-factorial behavior that exercise
professionals and scientists need to better understand, in order to help clients stay active
and healthy.
Research suggests that 50% of persons starting an exercise program will drop out
within the first 6 months (Wilson and Brookfield, 2009). This column will update what is
now known about exercise adherers and dropouts, and describe some strategies exercise
professionals can utilize with clients, to help them stay on path with their fitness program.
What is the Process that Leads to Exercise Participation?
According to Whaley and Schrider (2005), how people view themselves, from
past experiences to current reality, will soundly influence their choice for physical
activity. A person’s sense of self-perception plays a major role in whether she/he will
start an exercise program. So, even if for medical reasons a person has been encouraged
to exercise, his/her own self-perception may impede this from happening. In fact, some
people may view themselves as incompetent without ever trying to exercise. Whatley and
Schrider highlight that a person’s future hopes may also motivate them to exercise. For
instance, if a person wishes to be independent in older adulthood, he/she may begin an
exercise program and stay physically active to reach that goal. Whaley and Schrider
assert that research consistently shows that positive feedback (from exercise
professionals), reinforcement (that exercise is worthy and beneficial) and social support