There are a variety of ways that people can ‘participate’, depending upon
the particular context of the research, the capacities of those involved and the
willingness to let community people participate. Participation can range from
consultation or information sharing (where local people are kept informed
about research activities but do not influence the research process) to selfmobilization
(where the researcher acts only in a guidance capacity and local
people take the initiative in project design and implementation).
It is important to note that the use of participatory research does not mean
that conventional scientific research conducted by outside experts should not be conducted. There are a number of circumstances where this will be the
most appropriate method of gathering information. There are overlaps and
complementarities between the two approaches to research (Box 7.3). For
example, participatory research may identify an issue, which is then studied in
more depth through conventional research.
Conventional research is most appropriate:
1. When data needed are mostly quantitative;
2. When follow-up action, in terms of programme and project training, is
uncertain;
3. When issues addressed are not sensitive;
4. When the purpose of the study does not include setting the stage for staff or
community involvement in a programme;