Connaughton and Shuffer (2007) observe that most existing classifications of culture according to national origin may not fully represent the “mobile nature of contemporary populations who relocate for professional, economic and social reasons” Smith (2002) states “...they seem to me to be increasingly characterized by numerous and mutually contradictory trends and sources of influence, to the point where one no longer needs to treat culture as a hold-all concept.” Smith’s observations emphasize that it is hard to describe the culture of a society in the midst of change; norms, rules, rituals, and practices are not set, and there is a lot of confusion and disorientation.