The works of Gulick and Urwick(1937) were also praised at the time generating a science" of administration, whereby adherence to a set of prescribed principles better known as the"principles of administration. would promote efficiency in government, much like scientific These and Taylorism would for private industry(see, e.g., Stivers 2000). other orthodox theorists contributed conceptual themes to the earliest period of our field's intellectual or theoretical development. And the continual calls for"science" revolved around the practice of public administration, not the study.