2. Background of the case-study
The present section briefly presents an overview on Moroccan fruit and vegetable export figures (Section 2.1). Then, it focuses on export market constraints by analysing the role of public and private food safety regulations and the role of supply chain organization resulting from the strategies of global players. More specifically, it introduces safety-specific market access constraints (public and private food safety regulations) focussing on the European market (Section 2.2.1). After that, based on the relevant economic literature, a typology of global value chains is identified according to the stringency of food safety requirements and the prevailing nature of relations between upstream and downstream operators (Section 2.2.2).