The Cold War framed local struggles and had a large impact on where communist movements succeeded. Vietnam became focal point during the 1960s. With the United States’ involvement, Vietnam became a battleground against the spread of communism. Ironically, its involvement contributed to deepening support for the communists as the Vietnamese population perceived the United States’ Presence as occupation and suffered dramatically from the war. With support from the Soviet Union and China, the Vietnamese communist won in 1975 and then used their own strategic upper hand to support the Pathet Lao and ensure a communist victory in Laos as well. The Khmer Rouge benefited from the instability and Vietnamese communist victory, as they also seized power that year.
Conversely, the United States strongly supported anti-communist regimes in Indonesia and the Philippines. It disbursed large amounts of aid that contributed to supporting the armed forces and authoritarianism under Suharto’s and Marcos’ leadership respectively. Anti-communist repression eliminated the communist movement in Indonesia and solidified Suharto’s rule. In the Philippines, despite strong backing from the United States, Marcos was unable to defeat the NPA, which continued its activities well beyond the end of the Cold War.
Ideas, ideology and cold war politics therefore set the stage for the division of Southeast Asia into communist and non-communist countries. Poor, peasant-based societies provided fertile ground for communism to spread, with their promise of land reform or mare equal distribution of wealth.
The Cold War framed local struggles and had a large impact on where communist movements succeeded. Vietnam became focal point during the 1960s. With the United States’ involvement, Vietnam became a battleground against the spread of communism. Ironically, its involvement contributed to deepening support for the communists as the Vietnamese population perceived the United States’ Presence as occupation and suffered dramatically from the war. With support from the Soviet Union and China, the Vietnamese communist won in 1975 and then used their own strategic upper hand to support the Pathet Lao and ensure a communist victory in Laos as well. The Khmer Rouge benefited from the instability and Vietnamese communist victory, as they also seized power that year.
Conversely, the United States strongly supported anti-communist regimes in Indonesia and the Philippines. It disbursed large amounts of aid that contributed to supporting the armed forces and authoritarianism under Suharto’s and Marcos’ leadership respectively. Anti-communist repression eliminated the communist movement in Indonesia and solidified Suharto’s rule. In the Philippines, despite strong backing from the United States, Marcos was unable to defeat the NPA, which continued its activities well beyond the end of the Cold War.
Ideas, ideology and cold war politics therefore set the stage for the division of Southeast Asia into communist and non-communist countries. Poor, peasant-based societies provided fertile ground for communism to spread, with their promise of land reform or mare equal distribution of wealth.
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