Meanwhile, as is common in countries undergoing rapid political transition, new domestic conflicts are emerging (International Crisis Group 2013, Transnational Institute 2013). There are a number of actors who, for various reasons, are resisting the reform efforts. Multiple forms of interethnic and interreligious bias have expressed themselves as groups debate the nature of the democratic reform, questions of inclusion in the national community, and the country’s overall direction. Decades of authoritarianism and violent conflict have left entrenched wariness, if not outright fear and hostility, between different groups which has created major barriers to collaborative efforts to promote peace and reform and fueled communal tensions and violence. At the root are concerns about who will profit and who will be left behind in the midst of these vast changes. These emerging anxieties and conflicts make visible the political, social, and psychological challenges to the creation of religious pluralism in the current Myanmar context, as well as the urgent need for efforts to promote and protect peaceful religious and ethnic coexistence. The country’s ability to move forward successfully in its democratic reform depends on it