Currently, bio-extracts, or bio-fermented
or bio-decomposed matter, play an important role
in the promotion of self-sufficiency agriculture due
to their low cost, reduced impact on soils and
moderate chemical fertilizer input. In contrast,
agricultural residue from chemical fertilizers and
runoff can pollute surface and water ecosystems
after harvest. Therefore, bio-extracts or bioferments
are one option to combat the pollution
problem.