1. Set aside a regular time in each language class for listening to a short story or a continuing story read by the teacher.
2. Provide taped stories that learners can take home or listen to in class.
3. Use quantity-based listening techniques like listening to pictures (McComish, 1982), listen and draw, padded questions (Nation and Newton, 2009).
4. A language course should provide activities aimed at increasing the fluency with which the learners can use the language they already know, both receptively and productively.