The history of Africa begins with the prehistory of Africa and the emergence of Homo sapiens in East Africa,
continuing into the present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing nation states. The recorded history of early civilization arose in Egypt,
and later in Nubia, the Sahel, the Maghreb and the Horn of Africa. During the Middle Ages, Islam spread through the regions. Crossing the Maghreb and the Sahel,
a major center of Muslim culture was Timbuktu. Some notable pre-colonial states and societies in Africa include the Nok culture, Mali Empire, Ashanti Empire, Kingdom
of Mapungubwe, Kingdom of Sine, Kingdom of Saloum, Kingdom of Baol, Kingdom of Zimbabwe,
Kingdom of Kongo, Ancient Carthage, Numidia, Mauretania, the Aksumite Empire, the Ajuran Sultanate and the Adal Sultanate.
From the late 15th century, Europeans and Arabs captured Africans from West, Central and Southeast Africa and kidnapped them overseas in the African slave trade.
[1] European colonization of Africa developed rapidly in the Scramble for Africa of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
It is widely believed that Africa had up to 10,000 different states and autonomous groups with distinct languages and customs before it was colonized.
Following struggles for independence in many parts of the continent, as well as a weakened Europe after the Second World War, decolonization took place.
Africa's history has been challenging for researchers in the field of African studies because of the scarcity of written sources in large parts of the continent.
Scholarly techniques such as the recording of oral history, historical linguistics, archaeology and genetics have been crucial.
The history of Africa begins with the prehistory of Africa and the emergence of Homo sapiens in East Africa,
continuing into the present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing nation states. The recorded history of early civilization arose in Egypt,
and later in Nubia, the Sahel, the Maghreb and the Horn of Africa. During the Middle Ages, Islam spread through the regions. Crossing the Maghreb and the Sahel,
a major center of Muslim culture was Timbuktu. Some notable pre-colonial states and societies in Africa include the Nok culture, Mali Empire, Ashanti Empire, Kingdom
of Mapungubwe, Kingdom of Sine, Kingdom of Saloum, Kingdom of Baol, Kingdom of Zimbabwe,
Kingdom of Kongo, Ancient Carthage, Numidia, Mauretania, the Aksumite Empire, the Ajuran Sultanate and the Adal Sultanate.
From the late 15th century, Europeans and Arabs captured Africans from West, Central and Southeast Africa and kidnapped them overseas in the African slave trade.
[1] European colonization of Africa developed rapidly in the Scramble for Africa of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
It is widely believed that Africa had up to 10,000 different states and autonomous groups with distinct languages and customs before it was colonized.
Following struggles for independence in many parts of the continent, as well as a weakened Europe after the Second World War, decolonization took place.
Africa's history has been challenging for researchers in the field of African studies because of the scarcity of written sources in large parts of the continent.
Scholarly techniques such as the recording of oral history, historical linguistics, archaeology and genetics have been crucial.
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