Distinguishing features
Lyssaviruses share common genome organization and constitute a well-delineated monophyletic group within the family Rhabdoviridae. Genetic distances between lyssavirus species are significantly shorter than the distances between viruses in other rhabdovirus genera, which has been attributed to evolutionary constraints, possibly imposed by their unique pathobiology or their vectors/reservoirs preference. These viruses cause acute progressive encephalitis (rabies) in mammals, being transmitted between susceptible individuals directly by bites, scratches or contamination of mucous membranes with saliva, without participation of arthropod vectors. Bats (order Chiroptera) are the principal reservoir hosts for the majority of lyssaviruses, whereas “terrestrial”carnivores (order Carnivora), as well as bats, maintain circulation of rabies virus (RABV). Viruses of the genus are distributed worldwide, except Antarctica and several isolated islands, although viruses of different species have different circulation ranges. Based on phylogenetic relationships and antigenic properties, the genus has been subdivided into two phylogroups. Phylogroup I includes RABV, Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV), Duvenhage virus (DUVV), European bat lyssaviruses 1 and 2 (EBLV1 and 2), Aravan virus (ARAV), Khujand virus (KHUV) and Irkut virus (IRKV),whereas phylogroup II includes Lagos bat virus (LBV) and Mokola virus (MOKV). The most diver gent species in the genus, West Caucasian bat virus (WCBV), is not a member of either of these
phylogroups.
Distinguishing featuresLyssaviruses share common genome organization and constitute a well-delineated monophyletic group within the family Rhabdoviridae. Genetic distances between lyssavirus species are significantly shorter than the distances between viruses in other rhabdovirus genera, which has been attributed to evolutionary constraints, possibly imposed by their unique pathobiology or their vectors/reservoirs preference. These viruses cause acute progressive encephalitis (rabies) in mammals, being transmitted between susceptible individuals directly by bites, scratches or contamination of mucous membranes with saliva, without participation of arthropod vectors. Bats (order Chiroptera) are the principal reservoir hosts for the majority of lyssaviruses, whereas “terrestrial”carnivores (order Carnivora), as well as bats, maintain circulation of rabies virus (RABV). Viruses of the genus are distributed worldwide, except Antarctica and several isolated islands, although viruses of different species have different circulation ranges. Based on phylogenetic relationships and antigenic properties, the genus has been subdivided into two phylogroups. Phylogroup I includes RABV, Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV), Duvenhage virus (DUVV), European bat lyssaviruses 1 and 2 (EBLV1 and 2), Aravan virus (ARAV), Khujand virus (KHUV) and Irkut virus (IRKV),whereas phylogroup II includes Lagos bat virus (LBV) and Mokola virus (MOKV). The most diver gent species in the genus, West Caucasian bat virus (WCBV), is not a member of either of thesephylogroups.
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