Prominent scholar Nunan (1989:6) draws a distinction between ‘pedagogic’ tasks and
‘real-world tasks’ and accepts pedagogic tasks to be mainly communicative. He asserts that a
task ‘should have a sense of completeness, being able to stand alone as a communicative act
in its own right’. He defines a communicative task as:
a piece of classroom work which involves learners in comprehending, manipulating,
producing or interacting in the target language while their attention is principally
focused on meaning rather than form (Nunan 1989:10).