Puddling is associated with the soil disturbance through tillage operations, at or near water saturation. The puddling tillage usually comprises one or two ploughing and two or morehar ro wings and a final leveling. Puddling leads to breakdown of soil aggregates
into ultimate micro aggregates and individual particles, forming a muddy suspension having dispersed fine particles with little resistance to water flow, and to compaction of subsoil due to machinery used for tillage, forming a plough pan with a high bulk
density (Singh, 2011).