TPA was performed using a TA.XT Plus texture analyzer (StableMicro
Systems, Godalming, UK) equippedwith two parallel plates (a 5-cm dia.
upper round plate and a 10 × 9 cm lower square plate). After removing
the sausage casing, six disks (1.5-cm dia. × 1-cm thickness) were obtained
from the center of the sausage using a metal corer. After being
equilibrated to roomtemperature, the sampleswere compressed axially
twice at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/s to 50% of their original height
(1 cm) as described by Kargozari et al. (2014). The force–time deformation
curves were recorded. Hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and
gumminess were calculated using Texture Expert software version
1.22 (Stable Micro Systems, Godalming, UK).