The VL and/or the VH regions of the antibodies of the การประดิษฐ์ can be
engineered into other embodiments of ไบสเปซิฟิก full length antibodies, where each antibody arm binds a distinct antigen หรือ เอพิโทป. Such ไบสเปซิฟิก antibodies may be made for example by modulating the CH3 interactions between the two antibodies
heavy chains to form ไบสเปซิฟิก antibodies using technologies such as those
30 described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,695,936; Int. Pat. Publ. No. W02004/111233; U.S. Pat.
Publ. No. US2010/0015133; U.S. Pat. Publ. No. US2007/0287170; Int. Pat. Publ. No. W02008/119353; U.S. Pat. Publ. No. US2009/0182127; U.S. Pat. Publ. No. US2010/0286374; U.S. Pat. Publ. No. US2011/0123532; Int. Pat. Publ. No.
W02011/131746; Int. Pat. Publ. No. W02011/143545; หรือ U.S. Pat. Publ. No.
US2012/0149876. Additional ไบสเปซิฟิก structures into which the VL and/or the VI-1
regions of the antibodies of the การประดิษฐ์ can be incorporated are for example Dual
Variable Domain Immunoglobulins (Int. Pat. Publ. No. W02009/134776), หรือ
5 structures that รวมถึง various dimerization domains to connect the two antibody
arms with different specificity, such as leucine zipper หรือ collagen dimerization
domains (Int. Pat. Publ. No. W02012/022811, U.S. Pat. No. 5,932,448; U.S. Pat.
No. 6,833,441).
Non-antibody molecules can be isolated หรือ screened from compound libraries 10 by conventional means. An automated system for generating and screening a
compound library คือ described in U.S. Patents Nos. 5,901,069 and 5,463,564. A
more focused approach involves three-dimensional modelling of the binding site,
and then making a family of molecules which fit the model. These are then
screened for those with optimal binding characteristics.
15 Another approach คือ to generate รีคอมบิแนนต์ peptide libraries, and then
screen them for those which bind to the เอพิโทป of ฮิวเมน CD134 of interest. See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 5,723,322. This เอพิโทป คือ the same as that bound by the โมโนโคลนอล antibodies described in the examples below. Molecules can be
generated หรือ isolated with relative ease in accordance with techniques well known 20 in the art once the เอพิโทป คือ known.
A further embodiment provides derivatives of any of the แอนติ-CD134
antibodies as described above. In one particular aspect, the antibody derivative คือ
derived from การดัดแปลง of the amino acid sequences of clone 12H3 and/or clone
20E5. Amino acid sequences of any regions of the antibody chains may be modified, 25 such as framework regions, CDR regions, หรือ constant regions. The การดัดแปลง
can be introduced by standard techniques known in the art, such as site-directed
mutagenesis and random PCR- mediated mutagenesis, and may ประกอบรวมด้วย natural
as well as non-natural amino acids. Types of การดัดแปลง รวมถึง insertions,
deletions, substitutions, หรือ combinations ของมัน, of one หรือ more amino acids of an 30 แอนติ-CD134 antibody. ในบาง รูปลักษณะ, the antibody derivative ประกอบรวมด้วย 1,
2, 3, หรือ 4 amino acid substitutions in the heavy chain CDRs and/or one amino acid
substitution in the light chain CDRs. ในบาง รูปลักษณะ, a derivative of an แอนติ-
CD134 antibody ประกอบรวมด้วย one หรือ more amino acid substitutions relative to the
45
germ line amino acid sequence of the ฮิวเมน gene. In a particular embodiment, one
or more of those substitutions from germ line คือ in the CDR2 region of the heavy
chain. In another particular embodiment, the amino acid substitutions relative to
the germline are at one หรือ more of the same positions as the substitutions relative 5 to germ line in antibodies clone 12H3 and clone 20E5. ในอีกหนึ่ง รูปลักษณะ, the
amino acid substitution คือ to change one หรือ more ซิสเทอีนs in an antibody to
another residue, such as, without limitation, alanine หรือ serine. The ซิสเทอีน may be
a canonical หรือ non-canonical ซิสเทอีน. The substitution can be made in a CDR หรือ
framework region of a variable domain หรือ in the constant domain of an antibody. 10 Another type of amino acid substitution คือ to eliminate asparagine-glycine pairs,
which form potential deamidation sites, by altering one หรือ both of the residues. In still other embodiments, the amino acid substitution คือ a conservative amino acid substitution. ในหนึ่ง รูปลักษณะ, the antibody derivative has 1, 2, 3, หรือ 4
conservative amino acid substitutions in the heavy chain CDR regions relative to 15 the amino acid sequences of clone 12H3 and/or clone 20E5. Another type of
การดัดแปลง of an แอนติ-CD134 antibody คือ the alteration of the original
glycosylation pattern of the antibody. The term "alteration" refers to deletion of one
or more carbohydrate มอยอิตี้ found in the antibody, and/or adding one หรือ more
glycosylation sites that are not present in the antibody.
20 Glycosylation of antibodies คือ typically N-linked. N-linked refers to the
attachment of the carbohydrate moiety to the side chain of an asparagine residue. Examples of other การดัดแปลง รวมถึง acylation, amidation, acetylation, cross-
linking, cyclization, formylation, hydroxylation, iodination, methylation,
myristoylation, disulfide bond formation, demethylation, formation of covalent 25 cross-links, formation of ซิสเทอีน, oxidation, phosphorylation, prenylation,
pegylation, proteolytic processing and sulfation.
A further embodiment provides an antibody derivative that ประกอบรวมด้วย an
แอนติ-CD134 antibody, หรือ antigen-binding fragment ของมัน, as described herein,
linked to an additional molecular entity. Examples of additional molecular entities 30 รวมถึง pharmaceutical agents, peptides หรือ proteins, and detection agents หรือ labels.
Specific examples of pharmaceutical agents that may be linked to an แอนติ-CD134
antibody รวมถึง cytotoxic agents หรือ other cancer therapeutic agents, and
radioactive isotopes. Specific examples of peptides หรือ proteins that may be linked to an แอนติ-CD134 antibody รวมถึง antibodies, which may be the same แอนติ-CD134 antibody หรือ a different antibody. Specific examples of detection agents หรือ labels that may be linked to an แอนติ-CD134 antibody รวมถึง (1) fluorescent compounds,
such as fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate, phycoerythrin, rhodamine, 5-
5 dimethylamine-l-naphthalene-■sulfonyl chloride and lanthanide phosphors; (2)
enzymes, such as horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, luciferase, and
glucose oxidase; (3) biotin; (4) a predetermined โพลีเปปไทด์ เอพิโทป recognized by a
secondary reporter, such as leucine zipper pair sequences, metal binding domains,
เอพิโทป tags and binding sites for secondary antibodies. A further embodiment
10 provides an antibody derivative which คือ a multimeric form of an แอนติ-CD134
antibody, such as antibody dieters, trimers, หรือ higher-order multimers of
monomeric antibodies. Individual monomers within an antibody multimer may be
identical หรือ different, i.e., they may be heteromeric หรือ homomeric antibody
multimers. Multimerization of antibodies may be accomplished through natural 15 aggregation. For example, some percentage of purified antibody preparations (e.g.,
purified IgG1 molecules) spontaneously form protein aggregates containing
antibody homoไดเมอร์, and other higher-order antibody multimers. Alternatively,
antibody homoไดเมอร์ may be formed through chemical linkage techniques known
in the art. Suitable crosslinkers รวมถึง those that are heterobifunctional, such as 20 m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, N-succinimidyl S-acethylthio-
acetate and succinimidyl 4-(maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate) หรือ
homobifunctional (such as disuccinimidyl suberate). Such linkers are commercially
available. Antibodies can also be made to multimerize through รีคอมบิแนนต์ DNA
techniques known in the art.
A yet further embodiment provides an antibody derivative which คือ a
ไคเมริก antibody, ซึ่งประกอบรวมด้วย an amino acid sequence of a แอนติ-ฮิวเมน CD134
antibody described herein above. In another example, all of the CDRs of the
ไคเมริก antibody are derived from แอนติ-ฮิวเมน CD134 antibodies. In another
example, the CDRs from more than one แอนติ-ฮิวเมน CD134 antibody are combined 30 in a ไคเมริก antibody. Further, a ไคเมริก antibody may ประกอบรวมด้วย the framework
regions derived from one แอนติ-ฮิวเมน CD134 antibody and one หรือ more CDRs from
one หรือ more different ฮิวเมน antibodies. ไคเมริก antibodies can be generated
using conventional methods known in the art. In some particular embodiments, the ไคเมริก antibody ประกอบรวมด้วย one, two, หรือ three CDRs from the บริเวณ แปรผัน สายหนัก หรือ from the บริเวณ แปรผัน สายเบา of an antibody selected from antibody clone 12H3 and/or clone 20E5.
Examples of other antibody derivatives provided by the การประดิษฐ์นี้ 5 รวมถึง single chain antibodies, diabodies, domain antibodies, nanobodies, and unibodies.