Dyslipidemia is elevationof plasma cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), or both, or a low high-density lipoprotein level that contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Diagnosis of dyslipidemia is done by Serum lipid profile (measured total cholesterol, TG, and HDL cholesterol and calculated LDL cholesterol and VLDL). Causes of dyslipidemia may be primary (genetic) or secondary; while the treatment involves dietary changes, exercise, and lipid-lowering drugs.Dyslipidemias were traditionally classified by patterns of elevation in lipids and lipoproteins. Dyslipidemia can be the increases in cholesterol only (pure or isolated hypercholesterolemia), or the increases in TGs only (pure or isolated hypertriglyceridemia), or the increases in both cholesterol and TGs (mixed or combined hyperlipidemias) (Dyslipidemia online, 2015)Primary causes are single or multiple gene mutations that result in either overproduction or defective clearance of TG and LDL cholesterol, or in underproduction or excessive clearance of HDL. Secondary causes contribute to many cases of dyslipidemia in adults. The most important secondary cause in developed countries is a sedentary lifestyle with excessive dietary intake of saturated fat, cholesterol, and trans-fats. Other common secondary causes includeDiabetes mellitus, Alcohol overuse, Chronic kidney disease, Hypothyroidism, Primary biliary cirrhosis and other cholestatic liver diseases, Drugs, such as thiazides, β-blockers, retinoids, highly active antiretroviral agents, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, estrogen and progestins, and glucocorticoids. Secondary causes of low levels of HDL cholesterol include cigarette smoking, anabolic steroids, HIV infection, and nephrotic syndrome (Anne Carol, 2015).Dyslipidemia is suspected in patients with characteristic physical findings or complications of dyslipidemia (eg, atherosclerotic disease). Primary lipid disorders are suspected when patients have physical signs of dyslipidemia, onset of premature atherosclerotic disease (at <60 yr), a family history of atherosclerotic disease, or serum
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