Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate whether ELMs can reduce the empty running
of trucks and give suggestions on how the ELMs can be improved. The purpose includes
developing a theoretical evaluation framework of ELMs.
Methodology: The study is qualitative with an abductive approach. We have developed a
theoretical evaluation framework of ELMs based on existing theories. The framework has been
applied on Poland-Sweden and two existing ELMs.
Theoretical perspectives: We have used existing theories regarding ELMs, backhauling,
international business and transaction costs. Additionally, theories regarding trust on ELMs have
been applied.
Empirical foundation: We conducted 14 semi-structured interviews; seven interviews with
Polish carriers transporting between Sweden and Poland. The remaining seven interviews were
made with Swedish SMEs exporting to Poland. Furthermore, we have analyzed official trade
statistics and the websites of the two existing ELMs.
Conclusions: By applying the theoretical evaluation framework on two existing ELMs, we came
to the conclusion that the ELMs can increase international backhauling to some extent.
Suggestions on ways of solving the issue with imbalance in flow of goods for carriers were made
by utilizing other countries’ flow of goods. Additionally, we have identified the main issues with
ELMs to be trust and opportunism.
Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate whether ELMs can reduce the empty running
of trucks and give suggestions on how the ELMs can be improved. The purpose includes
developing a theoretical evaluation framework of ELMs.
Methodology: The study is qualitative with an abductive approach. We have developed a
theoretical evaluation framework of ELMs based on existing theories. The framework has been
applied on Poland-Sweden and two existing ELMs.
Theoretical perspectives: We have used existing theories regarding ELMs, backhauling,
international business and transaction costs. Additionally, theories regarding trust on ELMs have
been applied.
Empirical foundation: We conducted 14 semi-structured interviews; seven interviews with
Polish carriers transporting between Sweden and Poland. The remaining seven interviews were
made with Swedish SMEs exporting to Poland. Furthermore, we have analyzed official trade
statistics and the websites of the two existing ELMs.
Conclusions: By applying the theoretical evaluation framework on two existing ELMs, we came
to the conclusion that the ELMs can increase international backhauling to some extent.
Suggestions on ways of solving the issue with imbalance in flow of goods for carriers were made
by utilizing other countries’ flow of goods. Additionally, we have identified the main issues with
ELMs to be trust and opportunism.
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