This study was carried out with the objective of creating a model that can be used as a road map for both pre- and post-deployment stages of M-learning. The factors which have been used to construct the initial model were evaluated by 148 undergraduate students and 28 M-learning experts. Both students and lecturers agreed with the model and suggested adding other factors that modify the initial model. These factors include cost of implementation, availability of suitable devices, compatibility issues, and users‟ needs (added to the pre-deployment stage); and training and tackling lecturers‟ resistance to change (added to the post-deployment stage). In response to their comments and recommendations, the initial conceptual model was refined.
This refined conceptual model gives a wide overview of all elements that need to be addressed in an M-learning environment and fills the gap related to linking both pre- and post-implementation phases to ensure successful sustainability. Furthermore, the results were obtained from both parts of the M-learning equation and represent the concerns and ideas of both students and lecturers.