NSAID-induced gastric ulcer model: Induction of gastric ulcer is a major adverse effect caused by NSAIDs. Therefore, they have been used widely to establish animal models of gastric ulcer. A single dose of oral indomethacin can induce gastric ulcer-like damage in rats, which reaches a maximum 3 d after administration[18,19]. Oral administration of Myristica malabarica extract once daily for 3 d induced a > 60% reduction in macroscopic damage score[18]. Similarly, oral Piper betel extract at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day for 7 d significantly reduced ulcer index in a rat model of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer[20]. Its efficacy was comparable to misoprostol, a conventional anti-ulcer drug. Mehrabani et al[21] have reported that oral Teucrium polium extract lowered ulcer index in 24 h and induces a > 90% reduction in ulcer index. Likewise, oral administration of Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract for 7 d induced 79.39% inhibition of ulcer index[22]. Moreover, oral beeswax extract for 5 d induced significant acceleration of ulcer healing in a rat model[23]. These results suggest that herbal medicines could be useful in treating NSAID-induced gastric ulcer.