Demographic variables such as age, gender and marital status were significantly related to depression in older adults
(Blay et al., 2007; Lam et al., 2009). Age was measured by the chronological age of the participants. Marital status of the
participants was grouped as either married which included living in a married-like relationship, or unmarried which included the never married, divorced, separated, or widowed. Educational level was used as the measurement for objective socioeconomic status. It was grouped as primary or below, and secondary or above. Developmental object loss was defined if one or both parents died before 40 years old. For social support network, the number of close relatives or
friends, apart from their children, they saw at least once a month was obtained. All subjects were asked to recall the
amount of alcohol consumption. They were identified as drinkers if they had at least 12 drinks of any kind of alcoholic
beverage over the previous 12 months. A standard drink was defined as one that contained 10 g of alcohol.