Continuous even spacing that optimizes light and growing space for both forage and timber. The number and size of trees should be managed for optimum forage production while keeping in mind how the spacing affects tree growth and competion with one another. The thinning treatment is similar to a shelterwood treatment in a timber production system, in which trees are thinned just enough so that regeneration of the tree understory is encouraged while residual trees provide shelter. In a silvopastoral system, thinning allows light in for forage growth for livestock. Trees can be managed for sawtimber with proper spacing of trees. Non-timber forest products such as nuts and fruit may be harvested as well. I have seen pasture on a northern Florida cattle ranch in which oak trees provided acorns for wild pigs, thus bringing in extra income from hunters for the ranching outfit.