Karl Marx (1818-1883), the founder of modern communism, provides us with a completely different perspective. Marx merges politics and economics. He contended that “the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.” He argued that capitalism would produce internal tensions which would lead to its destruction. Just as capitalism replaced feudalism, Marx believed that socialism would in turn replace capitalism and lead to a stateless, classless society he referred to as pure communism. He theorized that this end result would emerge after a transitional period called the dictatorship of the proletariat; a period referred to as the “worker’s state, or the worker’s democracy.” As an historical materialist, Marx contended that society rises and falls in conjunction with how much it impedes human productive power. He believed in the labor theory of value which was determined by the socially necessary time for production. Surplus value went to the owners of production, and not to the workers. Marx asserted that workers should own part of production since they were an integral part of the means of production itself. In a sense, he foreshadowed profit sharing and, ultimately, worker safety standards. What about incentive, individual differences, and investment entitlements?