As can be seen in Exhibit 1, above the operating Since the main core we find a unique structure standardization occurs as a result of training that takes place outside the professional bureaucracy, a technostructure is hardly needed. And because the professionals work independently, the size of op- erating units can be very large, and so few first-line managers are needed. work in a business school rofessors report directly to one dean Yet where 55 p even those few managers, and those above them, do little direct supervision, much of their time is spent inking their units to the broader environment, no tably to ensure adequate financing, Thus to b top manager in a consulting firm is to bec salesman.