2.2. Preparation of millfeeds
The resulting bran, shorts, red dog fractions were collected from the mill and blended according to their respective yields during milling to obtain millfeed fractions (original millfeeds). Millfeeds were further ground for one to four times using a Perten 3100 laboratory mill (Perten instruments, Sweden) equipped with a 0.8mm mesh to achieve varying particle sizes. Various WWFs were prepared by combining fine-ground millfeeds with the straightgrade flour in accordance with their respective yields during milling. The particle size distributions of original millfeeds, fine-ground millfeeds, and reconstituted WWFs were determined using a Ro-Tap testing sieve shaker (WS Tyler Incorporated, USA). The mass median particle diameter was measured as described by with the following formula