Work content. There is a striving towards autonomy in executing activities and this is allied with management support. "Management by objectives" is a management technique that encourages such an approach, as is "management by exception". With the former, individual or departmental objectives are determined, and with the latter, only predetermined deviations from targets are raised with the manager. All of the activities are related to the primary processes of an organisation and any changes within these primary activities will mean the formulation of new work contents.