3. Governing equations
The numerical simulation was performed with a three dimensional steady-state turbulent flow system. To solve the problem, governing equations for the flow and conjugate heat transfer were modified according to the conditions of the simulation setup. As the problem was assumed to be steady, the time dependent parameters were dropped from the equations. The resulting equations were [14] and [15]:
Continuity equation:
equation(1)
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Momentum equations:
x—momentum
equation(2)
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y—momentum
equation(3)
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z—momentum
equation(4)
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Energy equation:
equation(5)
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In this paper, three viscous models are examined. Renormalization-group (RNG) k–ε model, Shear-stress transport (SST) k–ω model and Reynolds stress model (RSM). These three models were selected because previous studies which are reviewed in [2], introduced these models as efficient models. For RNG k–ε model thermal effect is considered in the enhanced wall treatment panel. Transport equations for RNG k–ε model in general form are
equation(6)
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and
equation(7)
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where Gk represents the generation of turbulence kinetic energy due to the mean velocity gradients and Gb is the generation of turbulence kinetic energy due to buoyancy and C1e=1.42, C2e=1.68 in RNG k–ε model.
Transport equations for SST k–ω are
equation(8)
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and
equation(9)
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where Gk represents the generation of turbulence kinetic energy due to mean velocity gradients and Gω represents the generation of ω . The exact transport equations for the transport of the Reynolds stresses, may be written as [18], [19] and [20].
equation(10)