TREATMENT OF XEROSTOMIA
Treatment of xerostomia depends on the cause and the degree of damage of the
salivary glands, thus it comprises etiologic, stimulative, symptomatic or palliative
approach. Current therapies include saliva substitutes and saliva stimulans (sialagogues).
In cases when there is still some residual salivary function it was shown
that saliva stimulans (local or systemic stimulation of secretory gland) produce
greater relief than saliva substitutes. When salivary glands are irreversible damaged and without capability to produce saliva, as is in the cases of head and neck radiotherapy
or advanced systemic disease (e.g. Diabetes mellitus, Sjögren sy) palliative
treatment remains the option.
When salivary function is preserved stimulation of salivary glands aimed to
increase the salivary output, include:
1. Local stimulation
The combination of chewing and acidic taste, as provided by chewing gums or
solid food or fruits, preferentially acidic (apple, pinneapple, carrots etc.) can be very
effective in stimulating saliv flow for patients who have remaining salivary function.
Patients with dry mouth must be told not to use sweets, sweetener in food and
drink and various other sugar products due to the increased risk for dental caries.
Acidic soft drinks are an increasing source of dental erosion as is excessive intake of
white wine
The use of laser infrared light of 904nm (low level laser therapy, LLLT) on salivary
glands in the treatment of xerostomia proved to be not only stimulative but
also regenerative in nature [58].
Use of acupuncture in the treatment of xerostomia have focused earlier mainly
on a curative approach when the salivary gland tissues are already damaged and
xerostomia is present. Recent study by Braga et al. [59] showed that acupuncture can
be used efficiently as preventive approach in the management of patients with head
and neck cancer undergoing RT. Although preventive acupuncture approach did
not prevent the oral sequelae of RT completely, it significantly minimized the severity
of radiation-induced xerostomia.
Electrical stimulation has also been used as a therapy for salivary hypofunction
but has been inadequately investigated clinically. A device that delivers a verylowvoltage
electrical charge to the tongue and palate has been described although its
effect was modest in patients with dry mouth [16].
TREATMENT OF XEROSTOMIATreatment of xerostomia depends on the cause and the degree of damage of thesalivary glands, thus it comprises etiologic, stimulative, symptomatic or palliativeapproach. Current therapies include saliva substitutes and saliva stimulans (sialagogues).In cases when there is still some residual salivary function it was shownthat saliva stimulans (local or systemic stimulation of secretory gland) producegreater relief than saliva substitutes. When salivary glands are irreversible damaged and without capability to produce saliva, as is in the cases of head and neck radiotherapyor advanced systemic disease (e.g. Diabetes mellitus, Sjögren sy) palliativetreatment remains the option.When salivary function is preserved stimulation of salivary glands aimed toincrease the salivary output, include:1. Local stimulationThe combination of chewing and acidic taste, as provided by chewing gums orsolid food or fruits, preferentially acidic (apple, pinneapple, carrots etc.) can be veryeffective in stimulating saliv flow for patients who have remaining salivary function.Patients with dry mouth must be told not to use sweets, sweetener in food anddrink and various other sugar products due to the increased risk for dental caries.Acidic soft drinks are an increasing source of dental erosion as is excessive intake ofwhite wineThe use of laser infrared light of 904nm (low level laser therapy, LLLT) on salivaryglands in the treatment of xerostomia proved to be not only stimulative butalso regenerative in nature [58].Use of acupuncture in the treatment of xerostomia have focused earlier mainlyon a curative approach when the salivary gland tissues are already damaged andxerostomia is present. Recent study by Braga et al. [59] showed that acupuncture canbe used efficiently as preventive approach in the management of patients with headand neck cancer undergoing RT. Although preventive acupuncture approach didnot prevent the oral sequelae of RT completely, it significantly minimized the severityof radiation-induced xerostomia.Electrical stimulation has also been used as a therapy for salivary hypofunctionbut has been inadequately investigated clinically. A device that delivers a verylowvoltageelectrical charge to the tongue and palate has been described although itseffect was modest in patients with dry mouth [16].
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