Our valuation measure is Tobin's Q, which has been used for this purpose in corporate-governance studies since the work of Demsetz and Lehn [1985] and Morck, Shleifer, and Vishny [1988]. We follow Kaplan and Zingales' [1997] method for the computation of Q (details are listed in Appendix 2) and also compute the median Q in each year in each of the 48 industries classified by Fama and French [1997]. We then regress