It is basically the difference of net change in Hamiltonian of the system and change in potential energy as represented by Eq.
(4). Here, the gradient of elastic energy results in a force field which opposes changes in momentum of the system resulting
in a net reduction in accessible states and entropy.
A related example of entropy change is illustrated in Fig. 2, where a ball placed at the edge of a cliff can move towards
right or left with equal probability in a spontaneous manner, but entropy change is high when the ball slips to the left but
its value does not change much when it slips in the right direction where potential energy gradients impose constraints on
entropy changes. When the ball slips towards the left and reaches position A with a velocity v, the total energy of the ball is
its kinetic energy EK = 1/2mv2. The kinetic energy can be transformed into heat resulting in an increase in entropy of the
system in which the ball comes in contact with. When the ball is given some initial force to the right