A modular systems engineering model, which serves as the
foundation of the LCAs, is presented in Fig. 1. The systems engineering
model includes sub-process models of the growth, dewater,
bio-oil recovery through either pyrolysis or HTL, bio-oil
stabilization, conversion to renewable diesel, and transport and
distribution to the pump. System modeling and validation was performed
at two scales: (1) small-scale: which leveraged laboratory
based production data and (2) industrial-scale which utilized literature
and laboratory data for model validation and is intended to
represent industrial function. Industrial-scale modeling work
focused on accurately capturing the function of a large-scale facility
while incorporating experimental yield and product characterization
data from thermochemical conversion experimentation.
Compared to the small-scale effort, industrial-scale modeling included utilization of energy recovery and realistic industrialscale
operational data for growth and dewatering processes as
would be expected in a commercial system. The LCA boundary is
such that direct comparison to traditional fuels can be made and
is representative of a WTP boundary.
A modular systems engineering model, which serves as the
foundation of the LCAs, is presented in Fig. 1. The systems engineering
model includes sub-process models of the growth, dewater,
bio-oil recovery through either pyrolysis or HTL, bio-oil
stabilization, conversion to renewable diesel, and transport and
distribution to the pump. System modeling and validation was performed
at two scales: (1) small-scale: which leveraged laboratory
based production data and (2) industrial-scale which utilized literature
and laboratory data for model validation and is intended to
represent industrial function. Industrial-scale modeling work
focused on accurately capturing the function of a large-scale facility
while incorporating experimental yield and product characterization
data from thermochemical conversion experimentation.
Compared to the small-scale effort, industrial-scale modeling included utilization of energy recovery and realistic industrialscale
operational data for growth and dewatering processes as
would be expected in a commercial system. The LCA boundary is
such that direct comparison to traditional fuels can be made and
is representative of a WTP boundary.
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