For analytic convenience, we also assume that dCI/dY = 0, meaning that economic growth affects the creative industries no differently from other industries, or technically that income elasticity is unitary.10 We strongly suspect this not to be the case, but rather that growth in income disproportionately effects demand for the output of the creative industries, but we shall set that aside here.11 Policy is analyzed in terms of whether change in the creative industries changes aggregate utility welfare (or utility, U). Again, we presume dU/ dCI can increase, decrease or leave utility unaffected. This is also a highly abstract modeling formulation, yet it enables us to abstractly discriminate between basic differences in theoretical assumptions and policy responses.