At present, surgical resection of detectable tumors leads to an improvement in the 5-year survival rate.
Adjunctive therapy with chemotherapeutic agents has been shown to improve local control, provide palliation, and prolong survival [4].
Even those with operable tumor, the recurrence rate is extremely high, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 40% [5, 6].
Chemotherapeutic treatment of cholangiocarcinoma is largely ineffective; the standard chemotherapeutic agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) always produces low clinical response rate [6, 7, 8].
Advanced surgical techniques in conjunction with alternative chemotherapeutic option with promising activity are required to improve the survival of patients.
Cholangiocarcinoma is considered to be a multidrug and radio-resistant tumor and still require new approach of treatments [9].