Carrell and Eisterhold (1983) argue that for the beginning reader, the Language Experience Approach (LEA) proposed by Rigg in 1981 is an excellent way to control vocabulary, structure, and content. The basic LEA technique uses the students’ ideas and the students’ own words in the preparation of beginning reading materials. The students decide what they want to say and how to say it, and then dictate to the teacher, who acts as a scribe. LEA works because students tend to be able to read what they have just said. The students, in effect, write their own texts, neutralizing problems of unfamiliar content. Another way to minimize interference from the text is to encourage narrow reading, as suggested by Krashen. Narrow reading refers to reading that is confined to a single topic or to the texts of a single author. Krashen suggests that narrow reading is more efficient for second language acquisition.